Transactions of the International Astronomical Union, Volume XVI: Reports on Astronomy, Part II : Springer : 9789027707406 : 9027707405 : 30 Aug 1976 : The key problem facing new energy conversion and storage technologies remains device efficiency. Designs based on nanostructured materials can yield improved performance in devices employing electrochemical reactions and heterogeneous catalysis, such as fuel and solar cells, batteries, etc. Nanoscale structures dramatically alter the surface reaction rates and electrical transport throughout the material, causing a dramatic improvement in energy storage, conversion, and generation. The goal of this work is to present fundamental and other relevant properties of nanostructured materials that can be the basis of improved performance in a wide range of alternative energy devices. These materials and devices promise not only the development of a wide range of new technologies, but also the potential for a more sustainable energy future. To