The New American Dilemma : Yale University Press : 9780300031140 : 0300031149 : 01 Jul 1984 : Conventional wisdom and democratic theory hold that the best way to achieve controversial policy changes is in small, cautious steps and with participation of the various groups involved.  Yet America's thirty years of experience with school desegregation shows this belief to be false.  In this provocative new book, Jennifer Hochschild argues that when incremental and participatory methods are used to desegregate schools, both blacks and whites end up worse off?with little freedom and equality for blacks, much disruption and pain for both races, and few educational gains for anyone.  However, school desegregation can succeed?for everyone?when rapid and extensive change is imposed by nonelected officials, at a centralized level, and without citizen involvement. Hochschild examines the record of school desegregation to show why this is so.  She demonstrates, for example, that parental advisory g