Modelling Distributed Energy Resources in Energy Service Networks : Renewable Energy : 9781849195591 : 1849195595 : 13 Apr 2013 : The smart-grid concept can mean many things, however there is a consensus that its objective involves seamlessly adopting new technologies to existing infrastructures and maximising the use of resources. Modelling Distributed Energy Resources in Energy Service Networks focuses on modelling two key infrastructures in urban energy systems with embedded technologies. These infrastructures are natural gas and electricity networks and the embedded technologies include cogeneration and electric vehicle devices. The subject is addressed using a holistic modelling framework which serves as a means to an end; this end being to optimise in a coordinated manner the operation of natural gas and electrical infrastructures under the presence of distributed energy resources, thus paving the way in which smart-grids should be managed. The modelling approach developed and pr