Mechanical Forces: Their Effects on Cells and Tissues : Springer : 9783662034224 : 3662034220 : 03 Dec 2012 : Animal Cell Culture nimal cell culture began in 1912 when Alexis Carrel grew bits of chick heart A in vitro by placing them into a drop of horse plasma. When the plasma clotted, it formed a solid surface into which the heart cells explanted. Left unattended, these cells died within several days. By regularly feeding the grow­ ing cells with aqueous extracts of whole chick embryos and periodically sub­ dividing them, Carrel was able to maintain the cells for extended periods. From these initial experiments, cell culture has expanded into an important component of biological research and commercial production. Animal cell culture is an important tool for the study of complex biologi­ cal systems. In vivo it is often impossible to target a treatment to one specific cell type or to adequately control the environment. For example, it is impos­ sible to selectively depolarize endothe