Complexity, Cognition, Urban Planning and Design : Post-Proceedings of the 2nd Delft International Conference : Springer : 9783319813394 : 3319813390 : 27 May 2018 : This book, which resulted from an intensive discourse between experts from several disciplines ? complexity theorists, cognitive scientists, philosophers, urban planners and urban designers, as well as a zoologist and a physiologist ? addresses various issues regarding cities. It is a first step in responding to the challenge of generating just such a discourse, based on a dilemma identified in the CTC (Complexity Theories of Cities) domain. The latter has demonstrated that cities exhibit the properties of natural, organic complex systems: they are open, complex and bottom-up, have fractal structures and are often chaotic. CTC have further shown that many of the mathematical formalisms and models developed to study material and organic complex systems also apply to cities. The dilemma in the current state of CTC is that ci