Beyond Observation : Manchester University Press : 9781526131348 : 152613134X : 05 Feb 2020 : Beyond Observation is structured by the argument that the ?ethnographicness' of a film should not be determined by the fact that it is about an exotic culture ? the popular view ? nor because it has apparently not been authored ? a long-standing academic view ? but rather because it adheres to the norms of ethnographic practice more generally. On these grounds, the book covers a large number of films made in a broad range of styles across a 120-year period, from the Arctic to Africa, from the cities of China to rural Vermont. Paul Henley discusses films made within reportage, exotic melodrama and travelogue genres in the period before the Second World War, as well as more conventionally ethnographic films made for academic or state-funded educational purposes. The book explores the work of film-makers such as John Marshall, Asen Balikci, Ian Dunlop and Timothy Asch in the post-war period, con