Each year at least a billion children around the world are victims of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) that range from physical abuse to racial discrimination to neglect and food deprivation. The brain plasticity of our most vulnerable makes the adverse effects of trauma only that much more damaging to mental and physical development.Those dealt a hand of ACEs are more likely to drop out of school, have a shorter life, abuse substances, and suffer from myriad mental health and behavioral issues. The crucial question is: How do we intervene to offer these children a more hopeful future? Neurobiologist and educator Dr.Marc Hauser provides a novel, research-based framework to understand a child''s unique response to ACEs that goes beyond our current understanding and is centered around the five Ts - the timing during development when the trauma began, its type, tenure, toxicity, and how much turbulence it has caused in a child''s life.Using this lens, adults can start to help children