Cows, goats and sheep are still grazing in the mountains and forests of the Scandinavian peninsula in the ancient tradition of pastoralism. The livestock are a lot fewer in number than they used to be in the heyday of Scandinavian summer pastoralism, the fäbod or seter farming. Fäbod is the Swedish name for a mountain summer farm and seter is the Norwegian, even though the name säter is also used in some parts of Sweden. The underlying idea of summer farming is that the animals should graze land away from the home farm in order to make the best use of all pasture available for the production of milk, cheese and meat. This system of grazing of semi-natural grasslands is a significant part of the cultural heritage of Sweden and Norway, but it also effects the landscape of the grazed areas creating opportunities for a wide range of wild plants and animals. This cultural landscape creates an opening for a particular part of the biodiversity that is rapidly declining in modern production la