The Fourth Revolution and the Bottom Four Billion : The University of Michigan Press : 9780472055890 : 0472055895 : 18 Apr 2023 : Products and services based on advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain are normally considered to be for rich consumers in advanced countries. This book demonstrates how marginalized and vulnerable groups with limited resources, specifically the world's bottom four billion population, can also benefit from these technologies. Nir Kshetri suggests that the falling costs and ease with which applications based on these technologies can be developed and deployed are making them increasingly more accessible. He illustrates how key emerging technologies are transforming major industries and application areas such as healthcare and pandemic preparedness, agriculture, finance, banking, and insurance and looks at how such transformations are affecting the lives of low-income people in low- and middle-income countries. It considers entrepr