Norwegian Shipping in the 20th Century : Palgrave Macmillan : 9783319956381 : 3319956388 : 11 Dec 2018 : This book is open access under a CC BY NC ND 4.0 license. This book belongs to the Maritime Business and Economic History strand of the Palgrave Studies in Maritime Economics book series. This open access book discusses how Norwegian shipping companies played a crucial role in global shipping markets in the 20th century, at times transporting more than ten per cent of world seaborne trade. Chapters explore how Norway managed to remain competitive, despite being a high labour-cost country in an industry with global competition. Among the features that are emphasised are market developments, business strategies and political decisions The Norwegian experience was shaped by the main breaking points in 20th century world history, such as the two world wars, and by long-term trends, such as globalization and liberalization. The shipping companies introduced technological and organizat