The score and libretto (vocal score and piano accompaniment ) of Verdi's Il Trovatore , published by Leon Escudier. This edition is not dated, but there is an inscription dated 1882 at the top of the title page and also what appears to be a signature in blue ink by Leon Escudier at the bottom of the title page. Jacques Victor Léon Escudier (17 September 182122 June 1881) was a prominent French journalist, music critic and music publisher. Escudier was the French publisher of Giuseppe Verdi's works. All Verdi's works were apparently included in the Escudier catalogue. The Escudier brothers helped to establish Verdi's reputation across Europe as the leading composer of Italian opera.[ From 1876 to 1878, Léon Escudier directed the Ventadour Room at the Théâtre Italien de Paris where he staged Verdi's operas. Red cloth hardcover with paper title label on spine, in very good condition apart from slight wear along the edges. Book binder's label inside front cover :O. Eriksson , Goteber