Database Application Engineering With DAIDA : Springer : 9783540562917 : 3540562915 : 30 Mar 1993 : In the early 1980s, a trend towards formal undeIStanding and knowledge-based assistance for the development and maintenance of database-intensive information systems became apparent. The group of John Mylopoulos at the UniveISity of Toronto and their European collaboratoIS moved from semantic models of information systems design (Taxis project) towards earlier stages of the software lifecycle. Joachim Schmidt's group at the University of Hamburg completed their early work on the design and implementation of database programming languages (Pascal/R) and began to consider tools for the development of large database program packages. The Belgian company BIM developed a fast commercial Prolog which turned out to be useful as an implementation language for object­ oriented knowledge representation schemes and as a prototyping tool for formal design models. Case studies by Vasant Dhar and Matt