On the night of 23 April 1916, Scotland experienced her first ever air raid when German High Seas Fleet Zeppelin L.14 bombed the town of Leith and the City of Edinburgh on the South shore of the Forth Estuary. This report details the raids genesis - showing that it was not an isolated operation, but part of a far wider ranging German campaign that involved a number of other planned Zeppelin raids in the area of the Forth Estuary and the East coast of England - details the raid itself and its aftermath. The report shows that only a single Zeppelin operated over Scotland on the night of 23 April 1916 - disproving the claim that two such airships bombed targets in Scotland that night, a fallacy that has endured for more than 100 years after the event. The report also shows that defensive measures were instigated to try to intercept the Zeppelin on its inbound journey - by a RNAS fighter aircraft - and on the outbound journey - by warships of the Royal Navy 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron and a