pBefore Palm Pilots and iPods, PCs and laptops, the term computer referred to the people who did scientific calculations by hand. These workers were neither calculating geniuses nor idiot savants but knowledgeable people who, in other circumstances, might have become scientists in their own right. iWhen Computers Were Humani represents the first in-depth account of this little-known, 200-year epoch in the history of science and technology. p Beginning with the story of his own grandmother, who was trained as a human computer, David Alan Grier provides a poignant introduction to the wider world of women and men who did the hard computational labor of science. His grandmother's casual remark, I wish I'd used my calculus, hinted at a career deferred and an education forgotten, a secret life unappreciated like many highly educated women of her generation, she studied to become a human computer because nothing else would offer her a place in the scientific world. p The book begins with the