pThis thorough and timely book collects essays on the political economy of Brazil, focusing on the federal administrations led by the Workers' Party PT, under Presidents Lula and Dilma Rousseff. The essays examine the economic, political, and social aspects of these governments, and a whole spectrum of policies implemented - or not - between 2003 and 2016, with implications for the subsequent period up to, and including, the administration led by Jair Bolsonaro.ppWhat emerges from this examination is the inescapable recognition that those left leaning governments were neoliberal, but in different ways when compared with other administrations in Brazil's history. Their similarities and differences are examined in detail.ppContributors are Adalmir Antonio Marquetti, Alessandro Miebach, Alfredo Saad-Filho, Ana Paula Colombi, Andre Singer, Andreia Galvao, Armando Boito Jr, Barbara Fritz, Cecilia Hoff, Celio Hiratuka, Claudio Castelo Branco Puty, Cristhiane Falchetti, Daniela Magalhaes Prat