pWith the impact of globalization in research trends, the search for healthier life styles, the increasing public demand for natural, organic, and 'clean labelled' products, as well as the growing global market for natural colorants in economically fast-growing countries all over the world, filamentous fungi started to be investigated as readily available sources of chemically diverse pigments and colorants. For all of these reasons, this special issue of Journal of Fungi will highlight exciting findings, which may pave the way for alternative andor additional biotechnological processes for industrial applications of fungal pigments and colorants. Research papers and reviews about the fungal biodiversity from terrestrial and marine origins are welcome, bringing new elements about fungi as potential sources of well-known carotenoid pigments e.g. beta-carotene, lycopene and other specific pigmented polyketide molecules, such as Monascus and Monascus-like azaphilones, which are yet not kn