In recent years scholars and practitioners have increasingly recognized that human resource management HRM has paid insufficient attention to the impact of context. While research has been devoted to examining the impact of national context on HRM systems, this literature has been largely separate from that focused on other levels of context affecting organizational choices in HRM strategies, such as the impact of the organizational environment, industry sector, occupation or workforce characteristics. In addition, research has tended to consider elements of context in isolation rather than considering its impact at different levels. pThe goal of emThe Oxford Handbook of Contextual Approaches to Human Resource Managementem is to provide a more holistic approach to developing a contextual understanding of HRM. This emHandbookem offers a comprehensive understanding of the influence of contextual characteristics on the design and implementation of HRM systems. Rather than focusing on a si