This book examines the Jungian imperative that the Third must become the Fourth through the lens of Carl Jung's complex reception of Plato. While in psychoanalytic discourse the Third is typically viewed as an agent that brings about healing, the author highlights that, in the case of Jung, an early emphasis on the Third as the transcendent function gave way to an increasing insistence on the importance of the Fourth. And yet, he asks, why imust ithe Third become the Fourth brPaul Bishop begins with a survey of work on Jung's relation to Plato, before turning to Jung's readings of the iTimaeusi and iBlack Booksi, as well as Goethe's iFaust IIi and Nietzsche's iZarathustrai. He proceeds to unpick Jung's statements on the Third and the Fourth though a compelling analysis of how Jung draws upon religious and alchemical traditions, Pythagorean numerology, his own dream-like experiences and Plato's cosmology. This book will appeal to practitioners and to scholars working in the history of i