1. Identity - collective -- Japan 2. Orientalism -- Occidentalism 3. Intercultural communication - stereotypes 4. Translation theory - JapaneseEnglish 5. Japanese - sociolinguistics Languages exotic to one another, such as English and Japanese, create false images of their respective speakers which form and confirm stereotypes that can be denied by Cultural Relativism but not disproved, much less vanquished. Being in denial is not the same as being cured. This book, like the author's seven books published in Japanese, treats prejudice by uncovering its roots and exposing them to the healthy light of reason. At the same time, it rethinks Orientalism together with Occidentalism by including the Sinosphere's perspective of what is East and West. While students of translation, sociolinguistics and cross-cultural studies may benefit most from the discussion there are copious notes and indices of names and of ideas, the heart of the work is pure essay, a work of travel by the path of languag