The branch of science which focuses on the study and manipulation of structures and materials on the nanometer scale is called nanoscience. It is a multi-disciplinary field which employs the principles of physics, chemistry, medicine, biology, material science, engineering and computing. It seeks to develop an understanding of the mechanical, electrical and optical properties of these structures, as they are different from the macro-scale properties due to the quantum mechanical effects. Nanotechnology refers to the industrial application of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale. It draws on the principles of various other branches such as organic chemistry, surface science, semiconductor physics, molecular biology, micro-fabrication, and molecular engineering. Nanotechnology finds extensive application in the areas of medicine, electronics, consumer products and energy production. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of nanoscience and nanotechno