pThis handbook is the first to comprehensively cover nucleic acids from fundamentals to recent advances and applications. It is divided into 10 sections where authors present not only basic knowledge but also recent research. Each section consists of extensive review chapters covering the chemistry, biology, and biophysics of nucleic acids as well as their applications in molecular medicine, biotechnology and nanotechnology. All sections within this book will be Physical Chemistry of Nucleic Acids Section Editor Prof. Roland Winter, Structural Chemistry of Nucleic Acids Section Editor Prof. Janez Plavec, Organic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids Section Editor Prof. Piet Herdewijin, Ligand Chemistry of Nucleic Acids Section Editor Prof. Marie-Paule Teulade-Fichou, Nucleic Acids and Gene Expression Section Editor Prof. Cynthia Burrows, Analytical Methods and Applications of Nucleic Acids Section Editor Prof. Chaoyong Yang, Nanotechnology and Nanomaterial Biology of Nucleic Acids Section Editor