pIsraeli national neoliberalism has promoted innovation policies leading to an ostensible paradox At the center is a startup nation with a vibrant and successful high-tech entrepreneurial eco-system, accumulating resources and enabling constant growth. At the geographical and social periphery, there has emerged a parallel society with often-marginalized groups not able to keep up. In one of the most unequal countries with a high rate of poverty, entrepreneurial heroes are celebrated at the center, promoting a myth that all could be self-made successes. At the periphery, entrepreneurs are struggling to survive, often pushed into precarious working and living conditions.ppApplying critical theory discourse, this book illustrates how neoliberalism and entrepreneurship are intertwined and how the start-up nation has evolved in Israel. It explores how national neoliberal state policies have targeted technological innovation as a tool to obtain a competitive advantage in the international ar