Bones are living tissues that make up the skeletal structure of a body. They are made up of the collagen protein and calcium phosphate. Bone regeneration is a complex, well-organized physiological process of bone creation that may be seen during routine fracture healing, and continues to be remodeled throughout adulthood. It is dependent on three major phenomena, namely, osteoinduction, osteoconduction and osseointegration. Osteoinduction is a process that induces the formation of new bone from osteocompetent cells or cartilage. Osteoconduction is a process through which a bone grows onto a surface or into a structure. Osseointegration refers to the direct structural and functional connection that is established between a living bone and the surface of a load-carrying implant. The novel techniques in bone regeneration include distraction osteogenesis, bone transport, use of bone-grafting methods, Masquelet technique and the use of biomaterials for bone regeneration. This book unfolds t