Scandals and high political office regularly coincide. Over the last five decades, with the world watching the American president as its preeminent international figure, scandals affecting the president have had both international origins and international consequences. Every president from Richard Nixon to Donald Trump has faced scandal but only a handful have faced a scandal so large that it threatened impeachment or even the political system itself. Hence, this is a study of five scandals or in the case of Clinton and Trump, scandalous presidencies that produced impeachments brbr- Nixon and Watergatebrbr- Reagan and Iran-Contrabrbr- Clinton and Impeachmentbrbr- Bush and the 2000 electionTrump and the 2016 electionbrbr- Trump and ImpeachmentsbrbrAlong the way, several trends have shaped the course of presidential scandals. One set has been political. Scandal operates in tandem with partisanship. The intensity of party divisions was obviously a factor in creating the context for all t