This book examines the work of Adam Smith and his interest in the science of the legislator. Smith's criticism of the mercantile system and the political dimension of capitalism is discussed, alongside insight into what institutions he saw as necessary to transform the mercantile system into a system of natural freedom. Through insights into Smith's analysis of the political threats of capital accumulation and the growth of inequality, the point at which he discovered capitalism is highlighted.pp pThis book aims to explore Smith's belief set out in iThe Wealth of Nations ithat the mercantile system was a viable, if dangerous, economic model. It is relevant to students and researchers interested in the history of economic thought.p