Anatolian Livestock Trade in the Late Ottoman Empire : Leiden University Press : 9789087284350 : 9087284357 : 22 Nov 2024 : "This book analyzes the expansion of the Anatolian livestock trade, focusing on sheep and cattle, during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries- a period marked by significant changes in state policies, society and environment. It examines the impact of these changes on both human and non-human actors, maps trade routes and networks, and explores their transformations over time, thereby contributing to the literature on Ottoman environmental and socioeconomic history. The book identifies three regions -central, northeastern, and northwestern Anatolia- and four Eastern Mediterranean ports (.zmir, .skenderun, Mersin, and Antalya) as major centers of livestock trade. It examines a combination of environmental, economic, social, and political dynamics that shaped the emergence of these regions as primary suppliers of sheep to Istanbul and the ports as gateways f