pIn the late sixties and early seventies, black separatist movements were sweeping across the United States. This was the era of iThe Autobiography of Malcolm X, i Stokely Carmichael's and Charles Hamilton's iBlack Power, i and Eldridge Cleaver's iSoul on Ice.i In 1969 a group of distinguished African American intellectuals met at Haverford College in order to devise strategies to dissuade young blacks from adopting a separatist political agenda. The participants included some of the most prominent figures of the civil rights era--Ralph Ellison, John Hope Franklin, and J. Saunders Redding, to name only a notable few. Although these discussions were recorded, transcribed, and edited, they were never published because the funding for them was withdrawn. This volume at last makes the historic Haverford discussions available, rescuing for the modern reader some of the most eloquent voices in the intellectual history of black America.p pMichael Lackey has edited and annotated the transcript